In modern industrial production and daily life, often electrostatic hazards caused substantial losses and disasters. Prevent electrostatic surface of the polymer main method of air ionization, and wet, metal contact discharge method, radiation, conductive material into law, membrane surface moisture absorption, chemical processing and application of law degeneration antistatic agent.
Among them, the use of plastic products mainly used in the process of incorporation is the addition of conductive material and antistatic agent.
Joining the conductive metallic material is generally short fibers or metal powder, conductive carbon black, conductive polymer, such as short fibers, enabling products have good conductivity (surface resistivity of <106 ohms) or antistatic (surface resistivity in the 106 ~ 108 Ω between). Metal compounds antistatic effects better, but higher prices, ordinary products can not afford. The current application form is the most antistatic added antistatic agent. Antistatic agent is a static charge to prevent, or to effectively dissipate electrostatic charge to the surfactant as the main chemical additives. Use antistatic agent is the way in products within the surface coating or added.

Antistatic properties from the testing and evaluation indicators can be used for surface resistivity antistatic materials and distinguish the difference between conductive material, as shown in table 1:

Table 1 conductive material and antistatic material on the surface resistivity / Ω (23 ° C, RH50%)
Conductive material electrostatic dissipation material antistatic material insulating material
<106 106 ~ 108108 ~ 1012> 1012
<106 106 ~ 109109 ~ 1012> 1012
<106 106 ~ 108108 ~ 1013> 1013

Currently on conductive, antistatic material that the dividing line between different electrostatic conductive material and the boundaries between materials dispersed to 105 or 106 Ω, electrostatic dissipation material and the boundaries between antistatic materials for the 108 or 109 Ω, antistatic materials and insulation materials the boundaries between the 1012 or 1013 ohms. The United States is the largest antistatic agent production and consumption country, mainly using hydroxyethyl of fatty amine, quaternary ammonium compounds, fatty acid esters antistatic agents for polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, ABS, polyethylene carbonate, etc.. The EU is also antistatic agent production and consumption of the main areas, antistatic agent used in 50 percent of hydroxyethyl of fatty amine, 25 percent for aliphatic hydrocarbons sulfonate, 25 percent for the quaternary ammonium salt and fatty acid polyol ester. Japan more nonionic and cationic antistatic agents, of which 20 per cent for PVC, 30 percent for the PP.
China's rapid development of antistatic agents, mainly for industrial use efficient non-toxic plastic antistatic agent, synthetic fiber industry with antistatic agents and highly efficient multi-functional surface treatment agent.

First, the factors affecting antistatic effects

1. Molecular structure and the nature and characteristics of groups addition of

Antistatic agent depends primarily on the effect of surfactant as the fundamental characteristics - surfactant. Surfactant molecules in the hydrophilic matrix types, hydrophobic-type, the shape of molecules, the molecular size. When the antistatic agent molecules in phase directional interface for adsorption, the interface will reduce the free energy and water and plastic between the critical contact angle. Adsorption of this, not only with the nature of the matrix, but also with the nature of surfactant related. According to rules similar polarity, the surfactant molecules of the hydrocarbon chain of the polymer chain orientation and contact polar groups and the tendency of some water contact in the air. As a hydrophobic polymer materials, antistatic agent in its surface is the primary role of the formation of rules of the water in the air for the hydrophilic layer adsorption.
The air humidity in the same circumstances, the hydrophilic good antistatic agents will work together with more water, making more polymer surface adsorption of water, ion ionization conditions more fully, so as to improve anti-static effect.

Through Proton replacement, charge transfer can occur. The amino-containing hydroxyl or antistatic agent, can connect through hydrogen bonding chain, in the lower humidity can also play a role. In dry air environment, if requested immediately after the plastics molding play antistatic, used polyol monostearate antistatic agent very effective. Figure 1 gives the above two types of antistatic agent typical application example. Only in the relative humidity 50 percent of the storage environment after a period of time, the PP hydroxyethyl alkyl amines only show the best anti-static effect, and the humidity of very great. Stearic acid monoglyceride generated immediately after accession and antistatic effects from the impact of humidity, but with the extension of storage time, its effect has declined markedly.
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